The mosaics of the Villa Romana del Casale offer an insight into daily life in Ancient Rome. The site has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Roman Villa del Casale was built between 320 and 370. The site is located about 5km outside the town of Piazza Armerina, Enna. It is the richest and most complex collection of late Roman mosaics in the world.
During the first two centuries of the Empire, the economic conditions of Sicily worsened and the population in the countryside drastically decreased. Furthermore, the Roman government neglected the territory, which became a place of exile and a refuge for slaves and brigands.
Rural Sicily entered a new period of prosperity at the beginning of the 4th century, with commercial settlements and agricultural villages flourishing.
Women in the Roman Empire did engage in sports
Roman girls in “bikinis”. The girls in the mosaic are engaged in sports. The girl in top right corner carries weights in her hands used to lengthen the long jump; the second is about to throw a discus and the other two in the upper half of the mosaic are depicted running. In the bottom register, two girls at the right are engaged in a ball game. At the extreme left of the bottom register, a young woman dressed in a yellow dress holds a rose crown and a palmfrond, the prizes for the victor. The girl in the centre has been given a palmfrond, while the girl in between the victor and the woman in yellow holds a flower or perhaps a stylized chariot’s wheel. Author: Ludvig14
The currently most accredited hypothesis identifies the owner with a prestigious figure of the Constantinian age, Lucio Aradio Valerio Proculo Populonio, governor of Sicily between 327 and 331 and consul in 340.
The games he had organized in Rome in 320 were so sumptuous that their fame lasted for a long time, and perhaps the depictions on some mosaics of the villa (the “Great Hunt” in corridor 25 and the “Circus Games” in the gymnasium of the thermal baths) intend to recall this event.
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Villa Romana del Casale – Child Hunters mosaic, Young boys hunting a rabbit
The was damaged during the domination of the Vandals and the Visigoths. The buildings remained in use during the Byzantine and Arab period. In the 12th century, a landslide covered the villa and the site was finally abandoned.
Great Hunt mosaic depicts the capture and transportation of animals
The first professional excavations were made by Paolo Orsi in 1929. Major excavations took place in the period 1950–60 led by Gino Vinicio Gentili.
Polyphemus receiving a cup of wine from Ulysses
Fishing cupids mosaics
Domina mosaic
Big Game Hunt mosaic
Erotic Scene mosaic
Cupid and Psyche
Arion mosaic
Eros and Pan mosaic
